New Latin Grammar

edited by J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, A. A. Howard, and Benjamin L. D'Ooge

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Credits and Reuse

PRONUNCIATION

The Alphabet

Classification of Sounds

Orthography

Syllables

Vowel and Consonant Pronunciation

Quantity of Syllables

Accents

Combinations

Phonetic Changes

Kindred Forms

PARTS OF SPEECH

Parts of Speech

INFLECTION

Inflected Language

Roots, Stems, and Bases

Gender

Rules of Gender

Number and Case

Rules of Noun Declension

Case Endings of the Five Declensions

NOUN DECLENSIONS

1st Declension: Stem, Paradigm, and Gender

1st Declension: Case Forms

1st Declension: Greek Nouns

2nd Declension: Stem, Paradigm, and Gender

2nd Declension: Case Forms

2nd Declension: Special Forms

2nd Declension: Greek Nouns

3rd Declension: Classes

3rd Declension: Mute Stems, M. / F.

3rd Declension: Mute Stems, N.

3rd Declension: Liquid and Nasal Stems, M. / F.

3rd Declension: Liquid and Nasal Stems, N.

3rd Declension: I-Stems

3rd Declension: Pure I-Stems, M. / F.

3rd Declension: Pure I-Stem, N.

3rd Declension: Mixed I-Stem

3rd Declension: Summary of I-Stem Forms

3rd Declension: Irregular Nouns

3rd Declension: Locative Case

3rd Declension: Greek Nouns

3rd Declension: Gender

4th Declension: Stem, Paradigm, and Gender

4th Declension: Case Forms

4th Declension: Nouns

5th Declension: Stem, Paradigm, and Gender

5th Declension: Case Forms

Nouns Lacking the Plural

Nouns Lacking the Singular

Nouns Defective in Cases

Variable Nouns

Names of Persons

ADJECTIVE DECLENSIONS

Formation of Adjectives

1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives: ā- & o- stems

1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives: Stems ending in -ro

1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives: Genitive in -īus, Dative in -ī

3rd Declension Adjectives: Classification and Paradigms

Declension of Comparatives

3rd Declension Adjectives: Case Forms of Consonant Stems

Irregularities and Special Uses of Adjectives

Comparison of Adjectives

Irregular and Defective Comparison of Adjectives

NUMERALS

Classes of Numerals

Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers

Declension of Cardinals and Ordinals

Uses of Cardinals and Ordinals

Distributives

Numeral Adverbs

Other Numerals

PRONOUNS

Pronouns: Classes

Personal Pronouns: Paradigm

Reflexive Pronouns: Paradigm

Possessive Pronouns: Paradigm

Demonstrative Pronouns: Paradigms

Relative, Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns

Correlatives

CONJUGATIONS

Verb Conjugations

Forms of the Participle

Gerund and Supine

Tenses

Personal Endings

Stems

Verb Endings

The Present System

The Perfect System

Sum

The Four Conjugations

The Present Stem

The Perfect Stem

Formation of the Supine

Forms of Conjugation

Synopsis of the Verb

Peculiarities

1st Conjugation

2nd Conjugation

3rd Conjugation

4th Conjugation

3rd Conjugation -io Verbs

Parallel Forms

Deponent Verbs

Periphrastic Conjugations

Irregular Verbs: compounds of sum

Irregular Verbs: volō, nōlō, mālō

Irregular Verbs: ferō and edō

Irregular Verbs: dō, eō and adeō

Irregular Verbs: fīō

Defective Verbs

Impersonal Verbs

Classified Lists of Verbs: 1st and 2nd conjugations

Classified Lists of Verbs: 3rd conjugation

Classified Lists of Verbs: 4th conjugation

PARTICLES

Particles

ADVERBS

Derivation of Adverbs

Classification of Adverbs

Comparison of Adverbs

PREPOSITIONS

Derivation of Prepositions

Uses of Prepositions

CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunctions

INTERJECTIONS

Interjections

WORD FORMATION

Formation of Words

Roots and Stems

Derived Stems and Suffixes

Derivation of Nouns

Derivation of Adjectives

Nouns with Adjective Suffixes

Irregular Derivatives

Derivation of Verbs

Compound Words

SYNTAX

Syntax: Introductory Note

Sentences

Clauses and Sentences

Agreement

Agreement of Nouns

Agreement of Adjectives

Comparatives and Superlatives

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns

Relative Pronouns

Indefinite Pronouns

Verbs and Subjects

Adverbs

Uses of Conjunctions

Negative Particles

Questions

CASE USES

Construction of Cases

The Nominative

The Vocative

The Genitive

Genitive with Adjectives

Genitive with Verbs

Genitive with Special Verbs

Peculiar Genitives

The Dative

Dative Indirect Object with Transitive Verbs

Dative Indirect Object with Intransitive Verbs

Dative with Special Verbs

Dative with Compounds

Dative of Possession

Dative of Agent

Dative of Reference

Ethical Dative

Dative of Separation

Dative of Purpose

Dative with Adjective

The Accusative

Accusative Direct Object

Cognate Accusative

Double Accusatives

Idiomatic Accusatives

The Ablative

Ablative of Separation

Ablative of Source and Material

Ablative of Cause

Ablative of Agent

Ablative of Comparison

Ablative of Means

Ablative of Manner

Ablative of Accompaniment

Ablative of Degree of Difference

Ablative of Quality

Ablative of Price

Ablative of Specification

Ablative Absolute

Locative Ablatives

Expressions of Time

Extent of Space

Relations of Space

Adverbs and Prepositions

MOODS AND TENSES

Verb Moods and Tenses

Indicative Mood

Subjunctive Mood

Hortatory Subjunctive

Optative Subjunctive

Deliberative Subjunctive

Potential Subjunctive

Imperative

The Infinitive

Infinitive as Noun

Infinitive as the Subject of an Impersonal

Complementary Infinitive

Other Uses of the Infinitive

Derivation of Tenses

The Present Tense

The Imperfect Tense

The Future Tense

The Perfect Tense

The Pluperfect and Future Perfect Tenses

Epistolary Tenses

Tenses of the Subjunctive

Sequence of Tenses

Tenses of the Infinitive

Noun and Adjective Forms of the Verb

PARTICIPLES

Tense in Participles

Uses of Participles

The Future Participle

Gerund and Gerundive

The Supine

CONDITIONALS

Conditional Sentences

Protasis and Apodosis

Classification of Conditions

Particular Conditions

General Conditions

Conditional Relative

Disguised Conditionals

Condition Omitted

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES

Clauses of Comparison

Si and Its Compounds

Concessive Clauses

Clauses of Proviso

Purpose Clauses

Clauses of Characteristic

Result Clauses

Causal Clauses

Temporal Clauses

Cum Clauses

Antequam and Priusquam

Dum, Donec, and Quoad

Quin and Quominus

Substantive Clauses

Substantive Clauses of Purpose

Substantive Clauses of Result

Indicative with Quod

Indirect Questions

INDIRECT DISCOURSE

Accusative and Infinitive

Declamatory Sentences in Indirect Discourse

Subordinate Clauses in Indirect Discourse

Tenses of the Infinitive in Indirect Discourse

Tenses of the Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse

Questions in Indirect Discourse

Commands in Indirect Discourse

Conditions in Indirect Discourse

Intermediate Clauses

RULES OF SYNTAX

Important Rules of Syntax

Order of Words

Structure of the Period

QUANTITY

Origins of Quantity

General Rules of Quantity

Quantity of Final Syllables

Quantity of Perfects and Perfect Participles

Quantity of Derivatives

MEASUREMENT

Reckoning of Time

Measures

GLOSSARY

INDEX OF WORDS AND SUBJECTS