EXPANSION OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
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922
The subject and the predicate may be expanded by amplification or qualification:
923
Expansion of the Subject.—The subject may be expanded: A. By amplification: Ξενίᾱς καὶ Πᾱσίων ἀπέπλευσαν Xenias and Pasion sailed away. B. By qualification: 1. By an attributive adjective, ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἀνήρ the good man, an attributive substantive denoting occupation, condition , or age, ἀνὴρ στρατηγός a captain (986), an adjective pronoun or numeral: ἡμέτερος φίλος a friend of ours, δύο παῖδες two children. 2. By the genitive of a noun or substantive pronoun (adnominal or attributive genitive): στέφανος χρῡσοῦ a crown of gold, ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν our father. 3. By a prepositional phrase: ὁδὸς κατὰ τοῦ γηλόφου a way down the hill. 4. By an adverb: οἱ νῦν ἄνθρωποι the men of the present day. 5. By an appositive (916). A substantive in any case may be qualified like the subject.
924
Expansion of the Predicate.—The predicate may be expanded: A. By amplification: οἱ λοχᾱγοὶ ἀπῆλθον καὶ ἐποίουν οὕτω the captains departed and did so. B. By qualification: 1. By the oblique case of a noun, a substantive pronoun, or a numeral. This is called the object (919, 920). Thus: ὁρῶ τὸν ἄνδρα I see the man, φωνῆς ἀκούω I hear a voice, εἵπετο τῷ ἡγεμόνι he followed the guide, ἀγαπᾷ ἡμᾶς he loves us, ἐνί̄κησε τὴν μάχην he won the battle (cognate accusative, 1567), ἔδωκα δέκα I gave ten. The oblique case may be followed by an adnominal genitive or a dative: ὁρῶ πολλοὺς τῶν πολῑτῶν I see many of the citizens. 2. By a preposition with its appropriate case: ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὰ̄ς σκηνά̄ς they went to their tents. 3. By an infinitive: ἐθέλει ἀπελθεῖν he wishes to depart. 4. By a participle: ἄρξομαι λέγων I will begin my speech. 5. By an adverb or adverbial expression: εὖ ἴστω let him know well, τῆς νυκτὸς ἦλθε he came during the night, ἀπῆλθε τριταῖος he departed on the third day (1042). On complements to the predicate, see 909.
Herbert Weir Smyth.
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